What term refers to the dangerous phenomenon when electric current departs its intended path?

The correct term for the dangerous phenomenon when electric current departs its intended path is "Arc Flash." An arc flash occurs when electric current jumps through the air between conductive materials, creating a bright flash of light and an intense burst of heat. This can happen when there is a fault in electrical insulation, equipment failure, or when different live parts come into contact with one another, leading to a rapid increase in temperature and pressure.

Arc flashes pose serious risks, including severe burns, injuries, and even fatalities, making it essential for workers to understand and recognize the dangers associated with electrical systems. Safety protocols, such as wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and following lockout/tagout procedures, are designed to minimize the risks of arc flash incidents.

The other terms mentioned do not accurately represent this phenomenon. Shock separation pertains to a different aspect of electrical safety, while power surge generally refers to a sudden increase in voltage, which does not specifically describe current deviating from its intended path. Current divergence, although it suggests a deviation, is not widely recognized terminology in electrical safety contexts like arc flash is.