What is a common disease caused by bloodborne pathogens?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a well-known disease that is primarily transmitted through bloodborne routes, among other bodily fluids. HIV attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if not managed properly. It is a significant public health concern due to its mode of transmission, which includes sharing needles, unsafe sex practices, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

In contrast, the flu, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 are not classified as bloodborne diseases. The flu is a viral infection that spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that is also primarily airborne and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, primarily spreads through respiratory droplets as well, rather than through blood. Hence, among the listed diseases, HIV is specifically associated with transmission through bloodborne pathogens.